Organic farming is much more than just growing crops without the addition of chemical fertilizers and synthetic chemical pesticides, but a holistic system of agriculture, which still maintains and improves the economic sustainability and ecological balance not generating-toxic, healthy and tasty food or medicine or dye with natural fragrance and color.
In today’s world, most organic farmers, who believe in biodiversity, they avoid genetically modified varieties, be they plants or seeds or plants or animals. Either you do not use any chemical in soil fertility and pest control, no chemicals, nor for growth or for protection, except for drugs that also if the situation is very bad and out of control.
SUMMARY
Organic farming is now practiced in over 100 countries around the world. The harmful effects of agrochemicals used in recent decades have the minds of consumers in different countries to buy now, or are willing to bio-bye foods with a high premium changed.
Policy makers are now promoting organic farming for various reasons, such as soil health, conservation of the rural economy and creating better conditions. The total organic area of 26 million hectares with 61 standards and 364 estimated
Certification bodies.
World markets for organic products at U.S. $ 26 billion estimated.
The certified organic area in India is 2.5 million hectares, but outside the certified area is estimated much more.
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Organic farming is practiced in India since the beginning of agriculture in this country, and he remains in office until the Green Revolution was introduced into this country in the sixties mid-term.
There is a brief mention of organic farming in ancient literature like the Rig Veda, Ramayana, Mahabharata and Kautilya Arthshastra etc.
Sir Albert Howard industrial agriculture has been the first to teach in India by the British in the Indian farmers, the use of agrochemicals, but he finished in the teaching of organic farming by Indian farmers, developed the process Indore and then to establish the symbiosis placed Mushroom bridge between the humus in the soil and the sap of plants by mycorrhizal associations. It is said in a farm Testament “Since the industrial revolution in agriculture is to bring the balance is the country in turmoil, all kinds of diseases on the rise, nature is the removal of spent soil against the erosion. “
Agriculture in ancient India
1. Oldest practice 10,000 years ago in the Neolithic of the Old
Civilization such as Mesopotamia, Hwang Ho basin, etc.
2. Ramayana everything dead to the earth, which nourish the earth and life to 3 Mahabharata 5500 BC Kamadhenu – holy cow, did not
only in the life of man, but also in soil fertility
4. Kautilya Arthshastra 300 BC, the use of more fertilizer from dung
pets and cakes
5. Brihad Sanhita selection methods, fertilizer for crops and fertilizers
6. Rigveda 2,500-1,500 BC, green manure and the use of goat manure, sheep,
Cow, etc.
The widespread use of chemicals in agriculture in India
U. S. Nobel laureate Norman Borlaug, the Creator of the famous dwarf wheat in Mexico, visited India in 1957. In a press conference, he said: “If I was a member of Indian Parliament, I jumped from my seat every fifteen minutes and yell across the top of my voice, fertilizers, fertilizer to farmers. “The fact is that from the fifties and sixties, independent India, there was a gap between demand and production of food. To meet these, the Indian planners under the influence of American institutions such as the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations and the U.S. culinary expert Norman Borlaug, the idea of a paradigm shift in agriculture, natural chemistry of the local high brid and store high yields, which Grain has won popularity in the global brand of “miracle seeds”, with the ability of agrochemicals, at this point in time developed. This has been a global phenomenon and has contributed to rising world food fixed immediately. The day of global food production of cereals is estimated at 2,100 million tons, and is mainly due to the use of agrochemicals on artificial fertilizers and synthetic pesticides. But the effects of these chemicals are artificial fertilizers and synthetic pesticides and watch. There was no data of any of the Indian organization, as published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA in 1991 showed prediction that high emissions of methane from rice fields in India to 37.8 tons per year, rice farmers in India and more accumulation raises global methane emissions is also known as greenhouse gas emissions considered. Therefore, in India, more weight was attached to relocate, not to keep farming and conventional rice to 47% of total arable land (National Policy on Agriculture, Limited, 2000). Use artificial fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers always load parasites agricultural applications of pesticides, mainly synthetic pesticides, and both affect the environment significantly.
The global use of fertilizer (kg / ha)
Korea – Japan 357 kg – 247 kg
Netherlands – Bangladesh 172 kg – 158 kg
Germany – India 153 kg – 89 kg
The grim logic of the recommendation of the use of chemical fertilizers:
Plants need 17 essential nutrients are divided into two groups:
1. Macro-nutrients needed by plants in large quantities and
2. Micro-nutrients needed by plants in small quantities
Regardless of the sources, all plant nutrients in inorganic form only. The 3 most important primary or macro-nutrients are absorbed in –
Nitrogen (N) as ammonia, nitrate and nitrite
Phosphorus (P), calculated as P2O5 Phosphorus (available)
Potash (K), calculated as K2O (potash available)
The 3-secondary macro nutrients such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg)) and sulfur (S naturally present in soil and manure disposal.
Micronutrients or minor nutrients are, in fact, trace elements like iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B)), molybdenum (Mo) and Cobalt (Co and the secondary macronutrients are in soil and fertilizers are available. While there is nothing to add to the absorption of organic nutrients by plants, but plant is determined by the source of Initially, the influence of these nutrients, it is best if the organic source, such as availability is modest and delayed output, but not extend to absorb nutrients and influence each other. In chemical process to prevent the overuse of nitrogen fertilizers used to absorb phosphorus and potassium by plants.
