In today’s world, most organic farmers, who believe in biodiversity, they avoid genetically modified varieties, be they plants or seeds or plants or animals. Either you do not use any chemical in soil fertility and pest control, no chemicals, nor for growth or for protection, except for drugs that also if the situation is very bad and out of control.

SUMMARY

Organic farming is now practiced in over 100 countries around the world. The harmful effects of agrochemicals used in recent decades have the minds of consumers in different countries to buy now, or are willing to bio-bye foods with a high premium changed.

Policy makers are now promoting organic farming for various reasons, such as soil health, conservation of the rural economy and creating better conditions. The total organic area of 26 million hectares with 61 standards and 364 estimated

Certification bodies.

World markets for organic products at U.S. $ 26 billion estimated.

The certified organic area in India is 2.5 million hectares, but outside the certified area is estimated much more.

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Organic farming is practiced in India since the beginning of agriculture in this country, and he remains in office until the Green Revolution was introduced into this country in the sixties mid-term.

There is a brief mention of organic farming in ancient literature like the Rig Veda, Ramayana, Mahabharata and Kautilya Arthshastra etc.

Sir Albert Howard industrial agriculture has been the first to teach in India by the British in the Indian farmers, the use of agrochemicals, but he finished in the teaching of organic farming by Indian farmers, developed the process Indore and then to establish the symbiosis placed Mushroom bridge between the humus in the soil and the sap of plants by mycorrhizal associations. It is said in a farm Testament “Since the industrial revolution in agriculture is to bring the balance is the country in turmoil, all kinds of diseases on the rise, nature is the removal of spent soil against the erosion. “

Agriculture in ancient India

1. Oldest practice 10,000 years ago in the Neolithic of the Old
Civilization such as Mesopotamia, Hwang Ho basin, etc.

2. Ramayana everything dead to the earth, which nourish the earth and life to 3 Mahabharata 5500 BC Kamadhenu – holy cow, did not

only in the life of man, but also in soil fertility

4. Kautilya Arthshastra 300 BC, the use of more fertilizer from dung

pets and cakes

5. Brihad Sanhita selection methods, fertilizer for crops and fertilizers

6. Rigveda 2,500-1,500 BC, green manure and the use of goat manure, sheep,
Cow, etc.

The widespread use of chemicals in agriculture in India

U. S. Nobel laureate Norman Borlaug, the Creator of the famous dwarf wheat in Mexico, visited India in 1957. In a press conference, he said: “If I was a member of Indian Parliament, I jumped from my seat every fifteen minutes and yell across the top of my voice, fertilizers, fertilizer to farmers. “The fact is that from the fifties and sixties, independent India, there was a gap between demand and production of food. To meet these, the Indian planners under the influence of American institutions such as the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations and the U.S. culinary expert Norman Borlaug, the idea of a paradigm shift in agriculture, natural chemistry of the local high brid and store high yields, which Grain has won popularity in the global brand of “miracle seeds”, with the ability of agrochemicals, at this point in time developed. This has been a global phenomenon and has contributed to rising world food fixed immediately. The day of global food production of cereals is estimated at 2,100 million tons, and is mainly due to the use of agrochemicals on artificial fertilizers and synthetic pesticides. But the effects of these chemicals are artificial fertilizers and synthetic pesticides and watch. There was no data of any of the Indian organization, as published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA in 1991 showed prediction that high emissions of methane from rice fields in India to 37.8 tons per year, rice farmers in India and more accumulation raises global methane emissions is also known as greenhouse gas emissions considered. Therefore, in India, more weight was attached to relocate, not to keep farming and conventional rice to 47% of total arable land (National Policy on Agriculture, Limited, 2000). Use artificial fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers always load parasites agricultural applications of pesticides, mainly synthetic pesticides, and both affect the environment significantly.

The global use of fertilizer (kg / ha)

Korea – Japan 357 kg – 247 kg

Netherlands – Bangladesh 172 kg – 158 kg

Germany – India 153 kg – 89 kg

The grim logic of the recommendation of the use of chemical fertilizers:

Plants need 17 essential nutrients are divided into two groups:

1. Macro-nutrients needed by plants in large quantities and

2. Micro-nutrients needed by plants in small quantities

Regardless of the sources, all plant nutrients in inorganic form only. The 3 most important primary or macro-nutrients are absorbed in –

Nitrogen (N) as ammonia, nitrate and nitrite

Phosphorus (P), calculated as P2O5 Phosphorus (available)
Potash (K), calculated as K2O (potash available)

The 3-secondary macro nutrients such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg)) and sulfur (S naturally present in soil and manure disposal.

Micronutrients or minor nutrients are, in fact, trace elements like iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B)), molybdenum (Mo) and Cobalt (Co and the secondary macronutrients are in soil and fertilizers are available. While there is nothing to add to the absorption of organic nutrients by plants, but plant is determined by the source of Initially, the influence of these nutrients, it is best if the organic source, such as availability is modest and delayed output, but not extend to absorb nutrients and influence each other. In chemical process to prevent the overuse of nitrogen fertilizers used to absorb phosphorus and potassium by plants.

In recent years, growth in agriculture of the few universities in 1940 to over 40 have increased the 2004th student enrollment has increased by only half a mile to nearly 20 miles of the same period. As today we have 260 schools in the qualifications to teach in India in agriculture alone. They consist of various disciplines including veterinary, horticulture, sericulture, forestry, floriculture, and a number of in other disciplines such as plantation crops, medicinal plants, fungi, production seeds, dairy, agriculture and management, etc.. A number of Government of India Ministry of Agriculture and allied employ graduates. The type of recruitment by the concerned State and Central Govt. free public service.

In addition to the professional employment of agricultural graduates can compete in the national or state or of financial and related services. Many banks, insurance companies, private companies, private companies and development companies. NGOs do not employ or agricultural and allied graduates. Graduates must pass through the employment of existing and new magazines to radio, television, and both central and State Govt. Also presented at the fairs. A large number of professional courses, administrative and industrial new functions related to agriculture and related studies were also announced. These include business management, financial management or related disciplines in the business sector. A degree in mass media, computers or even graduates of commerce provide additional employment opportunities in Govt. And the private sector. Overseas opportunities for graduates in agriculture are also there, but come out in international agriculture and a driving license in addition to a passport.

For graduates, a number of courses for teachers available. Even today, we have positions in 1/3rd SAU and ICAR institutions for which an annual review of ARS Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board in place. The recruitment of researchers and teachers is open to all, M.Sc. / MVSc or related post graduates and PhDs. Ministry of Agriculture, in collaboration with NABARD and other banks set up agro-processing industry during Clinic. They are 3 months on training courses for the agri-graduates free. In fact, all charges are of Agriculture and Food supported school. A network of training centers of this type have been established. We also have a dozen in J and K. There is a strong future for agriculture and university graduates in the private sector. They may appear, the nurseries of fruit or seed sales and related production facilities. We have a number of successful agri-graduates earn more than Rs 20000 / – per month in different parts of the valley. The total agriculture and allied sector has a potential job. We have 15 such Agri Business Ventures, which identifies itself as the business viable employment. A large potential for employment is hidden in the plant nurseries for fruit and vegetables. An investment of Rs 30,000, – per year may lead to a net profit of Rs 2 lakh per year.

Australia also provides many jobs, such as Europe and the United States in Indian Agri-graduates. The respective embassies or the Internet to help advertise jobs for many graduates Agri. For information, see Australia had www.dookie. Uniemb.ed.am /. More personal information can be found on the phone 0427355721 or e-mail had its saparker@uniemeb.edu.an. Similarly, the many sites available worldwide and in India. The new projects are financed by banks and Agri.biotechnologies precision farming to organic farming.

Agricultural development over the years has been the result of agricultural production continues and the skills of their extension. Early agriculture was the domestication of animals. For thousands of years humans domesticated wild birds, dogs, goats and small animals, he could easily dominate and enslave its subordination. Agriculture, which has, since early learning outcomes trails, experiments and experiences over the years, well before changes in behavior, memory reoccurrence parental mental and later sent to children by doing and learning, and now through the exchange of experiences and they write or punctuate They entrepreneurship as a concern.

Concept of entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship adds economic benefits and profitability of agricultural production. Entrepreneurship is dominated by four factors:

A. Social Change

b. Support System Availability

c. Resources and their exploitation

d. self-confidence, exploration and spiritual power.

An entrepreneur has an idea of his, have the capacity of an interest in acquiring the necessary technology. To assess one of the exploratory and analytical skills, how the purchase of cheap raw materials. It must be “knowledge” can be equipped with a mentality of use and benefit out of it.

On farm

A potential entrepreneurs should be made to always maximize their performance. Back decades of agricultural and industrial development was one of the configurations publicly funded and highly subsidized, but over time the “knowledge explosion in Indian agriculture, we have set the threshold of a system where there are long distances between industrial and agricultural enterprises. Where significant subsidies to agro-industrial. Farmers who use fertilizers and agrochemicals will be crushed under economic pressure. The differences between technology generation and the door to the farmers is increasing day by day. The rate of adoption of agricultural technologies are not more than 20-30%, with a higher potential.

The use of information and communication technology (I & CT) to reduce the deficit and increase productivity is the need of the hour (Wani, 2005). Modern technology and knowledge is growing rapidly and effect change. This requires more trained and skilled farmers. Our education system has produced more writers, but not a teacher training youth to earn their own bread. You can reach the end of agriculture and related sectors, begging for work. The system must be corrected not to make these graduates that employers and workers. I wrote a treatise in 1992, where he was a system in which employers of our graduates of agriculture should not be used. The Germans are intelligent, farmers, schools, farmers, businesses and educational institutions, agricultural practice and training centers for farmers and how they are, where every farmer or livestock is man essentially educated colleagues . The banking system is organized so that they are at the door of the room calling, his food and agro-packaging clinical graduates to sell without investing. The banks are so smart they have villages, graduate or veterinary or agricultural land, and facilitate all respondents have achieved, so that the farming and veterinary or other medical graduates are used in As an investment bank. This is expected in India in the context of agri-clinics, agri-food business. We have no training in the hands of banks, but also with universities. There is virtually little interaction between universities and employers and banks.

Successful Agribusiness:

A bad connection and support system between Govt. Banking and culture of this university also has a worthwhile program and lucere in bankruptcy, despite his personal supervision by PMO. We visited the district Bandipora Agriclinic graduates or not, earned a handsome salary, more than Asstt Rahbar-e-zerat or agriculture. Agribusiness namely the sale of pesticides have been feeding livestock, poultry feed and agricultural advisory services, and often. In a small village in Papchan, earned a graduate of Agriculture Mr. Iqbal Shah Rs 10.000, – per month through the sale of services and inputs. At a distance of several kilometers in the same quarter a gentleman Khyatlani has a large poultry farm and earns Rs 20,000, – per month. Both entrepreneurs employ 2-3 people to date. The success demonstrated by Mr. Shah Malangam in agro and sale of pesticides and Mr. Bhat in milk and dairy products sold to earn a large income and more jobs for the poor. All these agricultural graduates have their own commercial interests with no bank or a university began.

Farmers as Entrepreneurs

Indian agriculture and a farmer needs to change if the relevant recommendation of the WTO and GATT agreements are observed. Scenario poultry today is characterized as agro upmarket food business in India. The transformation of poultry farmers in the poultry industry met the 6% contribution of poultry from India and China to 25% of global market share. This, if put into practice to increase job creation by collectors. Adopted, the introduction of rural areas Vanraj, Gramapriya, Giriraj, Carl gold and other major varieties of locally grown poultry are our basic agricultural and rural development. The market acceptance is higher than the concerns of exotic birds. Free-range hen is like Bt cotton hybrid spread through the villages of India and ensure high yields and exports (Wani, 2007).

Agri-Poultry Business

Dr. Gordon Butland, president of Global Poultry Strategies Presents “production of poultry-yard” as a means of alleviating poverty and malnutrition. We tried to distribute “birds” in the open system in results of all our KVK were excellent and our income was totally in favor of the agri-food and agri-clinics.

All this will be the integration of technocrats agri-food and Veterinary need development to encourage companies to export and deliver quickly.

Holistic vision of farming enterprise

Improved revenues, employment and independence among United Nations workers educated graduates and young women in particular, promoting community development, empowerment of women, protection of the environment. Rural-based poultry backyard subscribed to these standards, is a rich source for development of agriculture and entrepreneurship. Govt. India has a lot of funding for these food companies. Some examples of success in the livestock section can be reproduced as follows:

Backyard poultry incubators and

While Vanraj are best adapted to the poultry yard, they are not accustomed to the melancholy. There is a problem with farmers, a mother hen for the whole year. KVK solve this problem by installing the clutch small unit of the hatchery. Each month, 15-20 farmers are advantaged by the purchase of poultry chicks poultry. There are 200 units of poultry backyard Vanraj. Each farmer is breeding 10 to 25 in the courtyard. There is good demand and response for chicks and eggs Vanraj. KVKs are now planning to develop the entrepreneurship in agri-graduates.

Semi-stall goat

KVK has made an intervention to improve on this company, conducting programs of short term training for young people in rural areas. Also visit the exhibition were to eat goats, reproduce, and health management organized. More attention has been given to the goat Osmanabad and up-gradation in some non-descriptions of the breed of goats by Osmanabad Buck pure as the light of the evidence on semi concept stallfed goats. The experience of Andhra Pradesh shows a great potential for graduates of agricultural own business.

The production of broilers

A KVK has conducted training programs for 165 trainees. Through training and demonstrations of the popularity of this agreement on agriculture in the production of broilers with the private sector, chicks, food and medicines has been increased offer and after 40 days of purchase. They have acquired skills through “learning by doing at KVK demonstration unit and won money. The technology has been 10 per cent of teenagers now take a 20 km radius. There are 27 poultry units, the capacity of 5000-10000 birds on the basis of contract farming. These self-employed rural youth to earn Rs 10000-15000 per lot.

A seminar-cum-farmers deal was organized SKUAST-K, 26-27 Oct.2007. The exchange of knowledge with farmers through farm and university graduates was highlighted by His Excellency the Chancellor and the Governor of J & K. A vision of reducing poverty through the intervention of the poultry yard, was the theme of the seminar. Many Straps Gurez, Tangdar, Tillail Zanskar and breed pets. You have to be better and better and identification. The cooking methods require further expansion and scientific assistance for export. More emphasis to:

Food manufacturing plants and foodstuffs.

· Organic foods and foodstuffs.

· Operational excellence and modern mechanization to improve the quality of local businesses.

· Management local family farm business management and buyer-seller-making mode.

This should farmers trained graduates. Thus, future farmers, a farmer has a diploma in the United States, Germany, etc.

High Value Agri-Business

The rapid growth of high value products of Indian agriculture promises 40% of total production. Areas of importance to the adoption of export earnings of fruit, milk, vegetables and poultry. Thus, training centers Agriclinic should now focus on product formation. The sector may be greater than 1 Lac young agricultural graduates and need to achieve national goals rather than the mere 14,000 UN-employed graduates in agriculture.

Technology Foresight

The technological gap between income research and farmers’ yields are large. The know-how for years on the shelf. Much of it was frozen, had he not died in the walls to the institutions. The particular situation, crop and soil specific innovations, practices, farmers are few. Our integrated and mixed culture and our farmers must be mixed culture packages to recommend improvements that are not carried further. Our research has often aped the experiments for the commercial culture of the West, with some modifications and additions, even in good times. Our agriculture is still traditional in remote areas include the use of farm yard manure, vormiculture & use of agricultural residues. Current problems of soil fertility is low, showed a reduction in yield and soil salinization caused by overuse of chemicals in agriculture, with little care for the earth.

This scenario resulted due to innovative approaches to research incomplete. Our research applications blindly use more fertilizer, pesticides and fungicides to win the revolution, has helped the corn, but left the legacy of polluted water, air and environment with degraded. These revolutions future food excluded. This was due to poor performance.

Thus, an immediate need is for research related to information technology and modern communications. The rapid development of information technology requires a simple and rapid transfer of technology, awareness, and also commented upon the farmers for a rapid implementation. Productivity would be enhanced if technological advances are adopted and their effects are known. Knowledge of computer hardware, software, networks, distribution channels and outlets is essential. It consumes hundreds of Agri graduates in the media, information and communication.

Our vision

Mixed farm academic culture:

Higher productivity growth may be through the use of technology and production recommendations to be achieved in farmers’ fields. We have 65% of small and marginal farmers, which awareness of the potential is low. The predominant production system is with these farmers mixed cultivation or farming composite. Unlike U.S. and European agriculture, we need an increase in the harvest “-production system of integrated fish farming on several occasions in life.” Therefore, we must create our own innovative educational and training policies. A Joint University of Agriculture and Education developed is our need. We are currently in error, our needs. Quick and timely actions that are necessary to harmonize our education system, all of agriculture and related disciplines, industries, sectors, businesses and farmers institution.

Highest on productivity:

Indian Agricultural pride year saw the green revolution and after 1968 the reduction of food imports in the wake of white wine, blue and other revolutions continued pressure of our population and agricultural growth. Our agricultural growth rate (AGR) must be equal, if not more, the population growth rate (PGR). AGR Our goal should be to double the PGR.

There are seven main colleges in the main HAU campus at Hissar, namely-College of Agriculture, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Basic Sciences & Humanities, Indira Chakravarty College of Home Science, College of Veterinary Sciences, and Chaudhary Devi Lal Centre for Food Science & Technology. In addition to this, there are two off-campus colleges, the Colleges of Agriculture at Kaul (near Kurukshetra) and Bawal (near Rewari). The University campus has a library which has about 3,00,000 books and 700 journals. It has a floor area of about 1,00,000 square feet. There is also a state-of-art ‘Indira Gandhi Auditorium’ in the campus, plus a students’ activity and welfare centre named as the ‘Giri Centre’, which has badminton courts, squash courts, a synthetic track, an Olympic-size swimming pool, and a large indoor gymnasium. It is one of the famousUniversities in India.

Extensive hostel facilities are provided to the students and faculty members. There are nearly 970 in campus and 242 outstation residential buildings. There are shopping centres also which have grocery shops, banks, post office, book stores etc. with all the modern facilities.

There are modern laboratories available in the university that provide facilities like DNA sequencing, UV trans-illuminator, PCR, FT-IR, gene gun, gene pulser, electron microscope, plasma spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, chromatography etc. Screen house, green house and transgenic green house are also available to researchers.

Admission to the most of the undergraduate programmes is through a common entrance test, which includes questions from Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Mathematics, Agriculture and allied subjects. The admission procedure starts in July every year, and seats are alloted on merit basis. 75% seats are offered to the resident students of Haryana and 25% seats are filled through an all-India entrance test organized by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.

The rural mortgages company is structured with an aim to contribute in the total development of the village society of a country. This means, the financial bodies are not only responsible to offer their help to the farmers, but also to other people who are trying to invest in rural development. After the sharp rise of urban-centric industrial development, these organizations have been built with some basic governmental initiatives to revitalize the agrarian society and its lost zeal. The agricultural mortgages company provides financial help both for purchasing of new property or for developing or improving the existing property.

The agricultural mortgage company not only offers its services to the farmers for buying lands or machines to set or expand agricultural business, but to different sectors like horticulture, equestrian or other rural businesses. There are also entities such as rural finance company that help in financing rural shops, road development, landscape development, irrigation system or renewable energy resource usage programs etc.

This wide variety of services can only be found in a specialized rural mortgage company. There are various financial organizations that may come to you with customized plans of agricultural loans. But most of them do not have the specialized knowledge of rural mortgage financing. In 1928 with the Agricultural Credits Act there were born few professional companies like Agricultural Mortgage Corporation, UK which were licensed dealers in rural financial products. One of their various services is providing mortgage financial services that help people to accumulate required capital for rural investment.

A mortgaged loan is a type of loan where a property is taken as the security of the loan. In case of any default in loan repayment, the lender holds the right to seize the secured property. By providing the property on mortgage, people can get hold of a lump sum to achieve their goals. But like all other mortgaged loans agricultural loans also carry few general characteristics -

The principal amount granted by these companies depends on the equity value of the mortgaged property, along with the borrower’s credit record and income rate, the financial prospect of the project and few specific elements. After deciding on the principal amount, the mortgage companies estimate the mortgage rates. These are mainly two types -

• Fixed rate mortgages
• Variable rate mortgages

These two variations offer two distinct facilities. The mortgage interest rate also depends on the tenure period of the loan. It varies from 0 to 30 years. Along with these charges, an agricultural mortgage company can also ask for other fees as for processing, investigating, documentation and service charges.

There are also entities such as agricultural refinance company and rural refinance company, which offer refinancing mortgage options to fetch in the lowest available rate and the best benefits out of these loans. With a little research one can easily find out the best agricultural mortgage company.

A rural mortgage is usually taken by farmers who are in this profession for long and want to develop their recourses in order to improve profits and output. A rural mortgages loan is also often taken to cover damages and losses occurred due to nature depended agriculture.

Often one hears of rural businesses suffering from seasonal and erratic losses due to climatic changes or crop damages. Some rural properties worth millions technically may not be able to generate a hard cash flow. As a result of these cash uncertainties many mainstream lenders hesitate in providing for regular agriculture loans. But things are changing and rural financial help for the growth of agricultural production or development activities are widely available these days.

There are a variety of agricultural loan options especially when it comes to the agricultural mortgage related activities and financing. Some of the features of mortgages for farms include:

• Flexible farmer’s financial terms which range from 5 to 25 years.
• Transferable loan from one generation to another.
• Variable or fixed rates of interest.
• Repayment or interest only options.
• Granting of agricultural funding on an individual or companies and trusts basis.
• Payment flexibilities on a quarterly, monthly, annual or biannual repayment options.

There are various options and flexibilities associated with an agricultural land mortgage in order to boost the agrian economy. Mortgage loans are made available for both rural properties and farm financials too. Agricultural Mortgage Companies grant loan amounts based on a variety of freehold as well as leasehold properties. Such properties include pastures, smallholdings, arable land, rare breed centres, nature reserves, nurseries and garden centres, orchards, woodlands, etc.

The agricultural mortgage corporation offers the option of making under and over payments, depending on the borrower’s varying financial situation. However, if underpayments are made, interest continues to accrue and will increase the outstanding balance on the mortgage loan.

A loan amount of up to 75 percent of the value of the rural property can normally be availed. At times though, 100 percent mortgages are also available to borrower under special circumstances. Having said that, the interest rate charged by the agricultural mortgage corporation on 100 percent mortgages, is usually higher than other instances. Usually the norm for a 75 percent mortgage, is that borrowers can make repayments between 1.5 and 3 percent above that of the Bank of England base rate applicable.

Before you opt for agricultural mortgages, it would be wise to consult either those who have availed such a loan or an agricultural real estate expert who can guide you in availing the best mortgage rates and repayment options available.