Agriculture Engineering » engineering

Top Engineering Schools – What Are They?

admin — Tue, 22 Jun 2010 19:00:27 +0000

Engineering is a career choice and more diverse than we can do. Engineering and its application in almost all the machinery and structure in the world today. Engineers are working on different areas of the automotive building structure and design, hand tools, power plants, locomotives, road construction, robotics, computers and much more. History of Engineering can actually back almost 5,000 years ago in ancient Egypt are traced. That’s when the Great Pyramid of Giza was built, and often it is still considered a masterpiece of technology and be amazed. From the Great Wall of China at the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, the Eiffel Tower, the highest railway bridge in Tibet, engineers are at the top. But engineers are not born, but they learn the art in some engineering schools in the world.

Today, the top engineering schools and a variety of topics include in its program, and it also includes the design of solutions for different problems. Engineers today use computer-aided design software (CAD), communication devices, robots and more. According to a source, there were 1-5000000 engineers in the United States at the beginning of the decade, and this number had quadrupled by the end of the decade. Engineering is used in various disciplines, including agriculture, aerospace, biomedical, civil, chemical, computer hardware, environmental, electrical, industrial, materials, marine, mechanical, nuclear, mining / geology , oil and automotive industries among others. To excel in your field engineering, you have the right school of Engineering.

Engineering is a five-year rate to a Bachelor’s degree (BE offers). In the U.S., public engineers need a license and registration for two tests: an examination must be taken immediately after completion of the course, help you pass an engineer will be in training. The second test must, after nearly four years of professional experience will be considered and this will help you to become an engineer.

If you pursue the profession of engineer, then the first, what you should do is you want to check the universities. There are several top engineering schools, but you need to get one to find the closest to your house or apartment that offers accommodation in residential areas. Outside the reputation of the university, you should use the facilities, teachers or professors, placement, and statistics. Here is a list of 5 engineering schools in the United States:

- California Institute of Technology, also known as Caltech: It provides a ratio of 3:01 students and teachers have a high intake standards.
- Carnegie Mellon University: It is one of the engineering schools in the United States and is in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
- Cornell University, offers excellent teachers and college facilities. It also offers a beautiful location and considered one of the Ivy League.
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia Tech is one of the best public universities in its greatest strength lies in engineering and science ranking.
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT is considered the father of all engineering schools in the United States and worldwide

Various Types of Engineering

admin — Tue, 22 Jun 2010 18:59:52 +0000

An engineer is an increasingly important part of our fast growing company. Long gone are the days where two or three types of engineering are the basis of the technical achievements. There are about 200 species have evolved and are for the benefit of society as a whole. A couple of new potential chemical, civil, electrical, management, science, geotechnical and mechanical engineering. All these areas, although different, are closely linked, and a great help another. For example, one of the greatest inventions of the 20th Century the computer. It was invented by an engineer in 1941 to help his friend geotechnical engineer. Until then, the computer is further enhanced by software engineers and computer science.

Different data types have a variety of options to all students who wish to pursue a career in mechanical engineering. It has opened up new fields. A student is now in the engineering maintenance of its own interests in mind, and further down the line to work on, that they always wanted to do, or the best.

Chemical Engineering has the secondary branches. Agriculture, bio system, environment, food, forestry, materials, plastics and water resources are to name a few. The people in the modern world are not well known to provide chemical technology and its wonders among the branches. It changes the whole agricultural system, the environment in which we live, and virtually everything around us.

Dealing with civil engineering construction, architecture, and partially closed while the focus is more power for the communications, computer science, electrical engineering, electronics and software engineering. Eng Management encompasses industrial, manufacturing, integrated, unified, manufacturing and engineering systems. Engineers in mechanical engineering are integrated and unified those great principles study, such as mechanical, civil, chemical, and electrical energy in general and so to find jobs in the industry.

You would be amazed to know that focus on science topics closely as chemistry, engineering, mathematics and physics. Students have studied the biology before, and I would finally be an engineer, students can find this very interesting.

become students who are prepared geotechnical engineer, all States have an option to select a specific field of engineering in this particular area. For example, gas engineering, geological engineering, geomatics, metallurgical, mining, mining, oil and petroleum engineering. Geomatics engineers collect analyze and display data on the surface of the earth and its gravitational fields for uses such as mapping, demarcation of legal boundaries, Navigation and monitoring of environmental changes.

The world on the ground most often are taken to the machine. Its branches in the aerospace, automotive, shipbuilding and Biomedical Engineering. When we think of current engineering, aerospace technology is generally in the eye. Aerospace is the specialty in which the planes, helicopters, missiles, satellites, spacecraft and are designed, created and tested.

The above is to choose an idea that students at a particular area of their own interest. Whatever field selects, it should by the choice not by force, or the results are not worth studying

Different Types of Engineering

admin — Tue, 22 Jun 2010 18:59:19 +0000

There are so many types of engineering today. There is indeed a difficult task for the students to choose from so many possibilities. A student has to choose one according to his own interests and leisure activities. This will certainly give him an advantage over others.

The following list provides an overview of the different types of technology. Choose what interests you most:

1 – Aerospace Engineering – Are you flying things? If so, then you should pursue, air and space technology. These are all work related to the design and construction of aircraft and spacecraft. It gives you a thorough understanding of various aspects of aircraft design.

2 – Agricultural technology – as the name implies, it teaches you about various technologies and sciences in the production and processing of agricultural use. It gives you a thorough understanding of various aspects of the transformation of food production, preservation and marketing.

3 – Biomedical Engineering – If you are in the exploration of the life sciences and medicine, then this field is interested in you. Biomedical Engineering is standing above all the life systems in context. It is a systematic approach to developing and exploring medicine, biology, and in the field of health care.

4 – Chemical Engineering – This branch of engineering includes various aspects of the processing of raw materials and chemicals that are either physically or chemically produced more valuable and useful to be that used by us in our daily lives.

5 – Electrical Engineering – It is one of the most dynamic and diverse discipline of engineering. It is regarded as the mathematical application as it covers various aspects of electrical components, circuits and electrical signals. It includes the design and development of technologies and integrates them into electrical devices and systems.

6 – Technical – computer science, if you are technically adept and individual taste to spend so much time on your PC and want to learn everything about computers from hardware to software, from programming to design, then you have to computer engineering, that this area is all about development and construction of various components and hardware products and is then integrated into the computer. It teaches you about various computer technologies.

7 – Mechanical Engineering – is one of the most popular degrees among students. This field is the analysis, design and maintenance of mechanical systems. There is one of the oldest and largest engineering disciplines

Actual State of Organic Agriculture

admin — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 08:55:31 +0000

Organic farming is much more than just growing crops without the addition of chemical fertilizers and synthetic chemical pesticides, but a holistic system of agriculture, which still maintains and improves the economic sustainability and ecological balance not generating-toxic, healthy and tasty food or medicine or dye with natural fragrance and color.

In today’s world, most organic farmers, who believe in biodiversity, they avoid genetically modified varieties, be they plants or seeds or plants or animals. Either you do not use any chemical in soil fertility and pest control, no chemicals, nor for growth or for protection, except for drugs that also if the situation is very bad and out of control.

SUMMARY

Organic farming is now practiced in over 100 countries around the world. The harmful effects of agrochemicals used in recent decades have the minds of consumers in different countries to buy now, or are willing to bio-bye foods with a high premium changed.

Policy makers are now promoting organic farming for various reasons, such as soil health, conservation of the rural economy and creating better conditions. The total organic area of 26 million hectares with 61 standards and 364 estimated

Certification bodies.

World markets for organic products at U.S. $ 26 billion estimated.

The certified organic area in India is 2.5 million hectares, but outside the certified area is estimated much more.

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Organic farming is practiced in India since the beginning of agriculture in this country, and he remains in office until the Green Revolution was introduced into this country in the sixties mid-term.

There is a brief mention of organic farming in ancient literature like the Rig Veda, Ramayana, Mahabharata and Kautilya Arthshastra etc.

Sir Albert Howard industrial agriculture has been the first to teach in India by the British in the Indian farmers, the use of agrochemicals, but he finished in the teaching of organic farming by Indian farmers, developed the process Indore and then to establish the symbiosis placed Mushroom bridge between the humus in the soil and the sap of plants by mycorrhizal associations. It is said in a farm Testament “Since the industrial revolution in agriculture is to bring the balance is the country in turmoil, all kinds of diseases on the rise, nature is the removal of spent soil against the erosion. “

Agriculture in ancient India

1. Oldest practice 10,000 years ago in the Neolithic of the Old
Civilization such as Mesopotamia, Hwang Ho basin, etc.

2. Ramayana everything dead to the earth, which nourish the earth and life to 3 Mahabharata 5500 BC Kamadhenu – holy cow, did not

only in the life of man, but also in soil fertility

4. Kautilya Arthshastra 300 BC, the use of more fertilizer from dung

pets and cakes

5. Brihad Sanhita selection methods, fertilizer for crops and fertilizers

6. Rigveda 2,500-1,500 BC, green manure and the use of goat manure, sheep,
Cow, etc.

The widespread use of chemicals in agriculture in India

U. S. Nobel laureate Norman Borlaug, the Creator of the famous dwarf wheat in Mexico, visited India in 1957. In a press conference, he said: “If I was a member of Indian Parliament, I jumped from my seat every fifteen minutes and yell across the top of my voice, fertilizers, fertilizer to farmers. “The fact is that from the fifties and sixties, independent India, there was a gap between demand and production of food. To meet these, the Indian planners under the influence of American institutions such as the Ford and Rockefeller Foundations and the U.S. culinary expert Norman Borlaug, the idea of a paradigm shift in agriculture, natural chemistry of the local high brid and store high yields, which Grain has won popularity in the global brand of “miracle seeds”, with the ability of agrochemicals, at this point in time developed. This has been a global phenomenon and has contributed to rising world food fixed immediately. The day of global food production of cereals is estimated at 2,100 million tons, and is mainly due to the use of agrochemicals on artificial fertilizers and synthetic pesticides. But the effects of these chemicals are artificial fertilizers and synthetic pesticides and watch. There was no data of any of the Indian organization, as published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA in 1991 showed prediction that high emissions of methane from rice fields in India to 37.8 tons per year, rice farmers in India and more accumulation raises global methane emissions is also known as greenhouse gas emissions considered. Therefore, in India, more weight was attached to relocate, not to keep farming and conventional rice to 47% of total arable land (National Policy on Agriculture, Limited, 2000). Use artificial fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers always load parasites agricultural applications of pesticides, mainly synthetic pesticides, and both affect the environment significantly.

The global use of fertilizer (kg / ha)

Korea – Japan 357 kg – 247 kg

Netherlands – Bangladesh 172 kg – 158 kg

Germany – India 153 kg – 89 kg

The grim logic of the recommendation of the use of chemical fertilizers:

Plants need 17 essential nutrients are divided into two groups:

1. Macro-nutrients needed by plants in large quantities and

2. Micro-nutrients needed by plants in small quantities

Regardless of the sources, all plant nutrients in inorganic form only. The 3 most important primary or macro-nutrients are absorbed in –

Nitrogen (N) as ammonia, nitrate and nitrite

Phosphorus (P), calculated as P2O5 Phosphorus (available)
Potash (K), calculated as K2O (potash available)

The 3-secondary macro nutrients such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg)) and sulfur (S naturally present in soil and manure disposal.

Micronutrients or minor nutrients are, in fact, trace elements like iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B)), molybdenum (Mo) and Cobalt (Co and the secondary macronutrients are in soil and fertilizers are available. While there is nothing to add to the absorption of organic nutrients by plants, but plant is determined by the source of Initially, the influence of these nutrients, it is best if the organic source, such as availability is modest and delayed output, but not extend to absorb nutrients and influence each other. In chemical process to prevent the overuse of nitrogen fertilizers used to absorb phosphorus and potassium by plants.

Capacity Building and E.extension for Enhancing Agriculture Productivity in India

admin — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 08:49:03 +0000

Abstract
The green revolution, white and blue gave us food security. The high yield varieties and new technologies were webbed with chemical farming. Even today we have critical gaps in the productivity of foodgrains between technology with farms and farming practices. The chemical farming has led to soil degradation, water pollution, soil erosion and salinity. Meanwhile, we are faced with land degradation in 173 million hectares or about 53% of the area. Each year we lose 5000 million tons of topsoil with NPK losses of 5-8 million tonnes per year.
In Mahrastra according to a survey that the black soil depth of 60 cm in 1910 which has since been reduced. Over 18% of it became a flat. Reduced soil depth is now due to low productivity in the runoff of soil and drought conditions. Therefore, to avoid these negative effects, we have solid information and communication methods for binding soil mapping, data of annual rainfall, rainfall and climate forecasts for farmers (Wani, 2005).
The conservation and proper use must have sufficient knowledge to be produced by the advanced satellite system and was able to count back through communication mechanism. Thus, to increase agricultural production, communication tools should be used.
It is time for sustainable agriculture. We should use the waste sludge, farmyard manure, cakes of waste, community waste and green waste to increase the phosphorus, nitrogen and micro-nutrients in the soil. It has been shown that these alternatives has a capacity of 1-2% phosphorus and nitrogen are about 40-45%, and provide micronutrients. Therefore, a new strategy needs to man harvesting trees using leaf litter, waste residue must be represented orchard and other agricultural wastes for soil improvement.
Although we pesticides value of 3500 crores. In urban India, we use the domestic Pestic 1000 crores in real estate. In 1948, malaria claimed the lives of 2-8 million people in Malaysia. With reduced use of DDT, the death toll to 17 in 1963. Thus, a balance between food security and clean environment is maintained in developing countries. This means maintaining a balance between food security and environmental protection, or purity. The lead in this direction will be discussed in this document.
1. Introduction
The green revolution, white and blue gave us food security. The high yield varieties and new technologies were webbed with chemical farming. Even today, we have produced critical vulnerabilities in the productivity of cereals by using technology and traditional farmer in the area. The chemical farming has led to soil degradation, water pollution, soil erosion and salinization. Meanwhile, we deal with land degradation in 173 million hectares or about 53% of the area. Each year we lose 5000 million tons of topsoil with NPK losses of 5-8 million tonnes per year. In Mahrastra according to a survey that the black soil depth of 60 cm in 1910 which has since been reduced. Over 18% of it became a flat. Reduced soil depth is now due to low productivity in the runoff of soil and drought conditions. Therefore, to avoid these negative effects, we have solid information and communication methods for binding soil mapping, data of annual rainfall, rainfall and climate forecasts for farmers (Wani, 2005). The conservation and proper use needs sufficient knowledge, be produced by the advanced satellite system and was able to count back through communication mechanism. Thus, to increase agricultural production of the paper should be used.
2. Land Holding
We need more technology system based on agriculture to increase productivity per unit of land. Horizontal expansion is not possible. Embargo on the indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other agricultural-agent is another obstacle to productivity of food grains has increased. Unfortunately, our production of food grains has reduced the pace. Growth rate of 1-2% has put pressure on our economy. The import of food grains, a mistake the last ten years, problems due to the analysis.
The whole system of national agricultural research, extension and field officers have experienced fatigue. Also for the depletion of soil minerals and reduce pollution will require new mechanisms to increase productivity. Perhaps the use of electronic media, e-groups and extension of agrarian reform in the form of the revised system, KVK, ATMA, village-level rural development, self-help information and agricultural Kiose need introduction. State Agriculture Management and Extension Training Institute can (Samet), will make adjustments in our farming system so that agriculture, aquaculture, livestock and water conservation with new technology companies led the gains mainstream. This must be continued and a policy favorable to farmers in sustainable agriculture. On these pages, we will be the role of communication technology in agricultural applications to increase productivity and profit per unit to discuss the land. Technological and application, it must produce more per unit of land. We still have a chance, because our returns are lower than in many counties and our neighbors (Samra & Sastry 2002).
3. Organic Farming.
Organic farming has been hailed as modern technology. We did our traditional organic agriculture for the adoption of agriculture chemical, which has landed us into trouble. This rotation imposed modernity and traditionalism us hard. Maybe we jumped to accept or to test the technology without a comparison with our own practice. Now back to our own traditional way is also fraught with problems. Questions are often asked, we can maintain or even maintain our productivity through the use of organic farming?. The fusion of modern technology of today and the traditional technique of recent years, can answer this question. Information and communication technology and bridge, a new union?
4. Information and Communication Technology
Current information and communication has been lacking all barriers of race, religion, culture and country. A comprehensive study of more than 23 review articles and a dozen books and journals has been presented by (Wani, 2005). A detailed description of how communication systems and information can help maintain production and income has been discussed (Wani, 2006). Warning systems for high-risk climate, floods and hurricanes, pests and mites can help to raise more crops. Agriculture, information and awareness packages that can be done by the pressure, mass, and now e-mails. The role of agricultural competitiveness, economic survey and evaluation of agriculture and the integration of women needs more attention. Women, half of agricultural workers are always surprised by the technological capabilities. The barriers of customs, the veil of religion and social restrictions, they can be overcome through education through television, tapes, e-mails or other modern communication devices.
5. Phyto-Sanitary
Technology transfer is simple. We can practice known techniques, or even show them. The central question is the assumption. India with 25% of GDP of agriculture devotes about 12% of GDP in subsidies and not on technology transfer. Combining agricultural export subsidies must make drastic cuts in the WTO agreements. The global market access opportunities limit of 3% on imports is further complicated things. International standards of sanitation is increasingly aware that the door holder. We export agricultural products from 12 agricultural products, and now we export approximately 18.45% of agricultural good in terms of beekeeping, floriculture, fresh fruits, mushrooms, spices, sugar, molasses, rice, tropical fruit juices, pulp, concentrates and including agro-chemicals. Fruits and vegetables have increased our export earnings. Our limitations in expanding our exports are infrastructure for the international packaging BIOSAFE to take sanitary and phytosanitary quarantine. Our incomes are too low to compete with others. Thus, technology has failed to methods of man, publishing, brochures, cards, newsletters, magazines, journals, newspapers Publishing Limited rural tourism exhibitions or interviews on television, but must be supplemented by video-conferences, campaigns massive awareness through videotapes, installations of cables and other domestic farm programs. Propaganda, publicity and education must be provided with communication skills such as rural journalism, popular participation, motivation and more by management information systems.
Visits to farms, farmers want to have letters must be intensified. Farmers need information on markets, organic standards, and market mechanisms and networking.
6. Smallholders smallholders
Another vulnerable class in India) is small (approximately 65% owners of our farmers are smallholders. Technologies are produced primarily for commercial growers. Small farmers are not only limited to keeping the country, but on the ‘information. His case is more complicated because they also work other than small farms are not sufficient to preserve it. You have access to knowledge is limited. Even the word peasant or rural) (German term), or peasants in the countryside (English countryside, Bush / Farmer (French) and Campo / Campesino Spanish, that the extension works on a mission. With a love of the countryside and farmers, but this task could run correctly. It must be very familiar with objectives, problems, objectives and implementation. It must analyze the situation and avoid group conflict in the country. Thus, knowledge and experience of farmers, psychological values, expectations, needs and attitudes must be organized. This organization and the assessment is not possible without the use of modern communication methods and apply. Communication with agro-welding technology is the need of the hour.
7. Communication Methods
Disclosure of information to farmers is essential to any enrichment. The basic need for learning is communication.
Factors influencing the communication range of the person, personality, relationships, knowledge, social and economic parameters of farmers. Their expectations of knowledge, experiences and perceptions, monitoring and evaluation prior to transfer of technology.
8. Verifying Communication Vs Agri Production

Critical I. reducing the yield gap.

In Kenya, reduced use of modern information and communication technologies, differences in crop yields between agricultural research and farmer’s fields. (Oguya and Bellamy, 2001). A country where 70% of the population with agriculture for livelihood, directly or indirectly, 80% export-oriented agriculture is connected. Reduced spreads through the effective use of information technology and communication have a significant impact.
II climatic hazards and Communications
The low productivity of soybean oil has been found that due to the partial adoption of production recommendations to farmers Mahrastra, India. The low yield factors were analyzed. Economic constraints, situational factors and communication gaps in crop production, protection, treatment of seeds and fertilizers found for them (Jaiswal et al, 2002).
The modernization of equipment and technical background to help Cuba increase agricultural production and rural development on a pilot basis (Albelo. et al. 2002).
9 .. Precision Agriculture
Precision farming, so far concentrated on collecting data on site-specific management of land and crops. The technology for the site, the specific field operations, and automated data collection are available, but they rarely include Precision Agriculture to improve. The use of precision farming has affected the information technology and communication networks to improve the benefits of harvesting and productivity. This network can consist of a software platform that can be opened and operated by the farmer himself. For effective communication on the Internet and mobile telecommunications have been identified as important. The development of an information network and software integration of modern communication (Java, GIS) and hardware (GPS, Internet) technologies in a new user-friendly manner is necessary to achieve greater acceptance of technology and improved productivity (Lütticken, et al 2000).
10. The satellite data as a source of communication
Using satellite data (Star and Spot – Lite) half the time – depends on critical applications in Australia. The Australian Center for Remote Sensing (ha) has a new service for satellite data applications provide near real-time implementation. The STAR (Speedy acknowledged) service provides access to digital product satellite data at high resolution or compressed format within 12 hours of satellite overpass. Data from ground stations is produced in a facility on a link of broadband communications and priority treatment. This system provides data for satellite applications, such as performance modeling, leakage before harvesting the crop forecasting production, detection of plant diseases, monitoring crop stress, pest infestation , floods, fires and oil.
SPOT – LITE is a low cost, off the preservatives ACRES satellite data that is ideal for use in geographic information systems (GIS). SPOT-LITE can still be accessed via the Internet and is shaped tiles for most of Australia are available (Thankappanm 2001).
Studying in advance of applications to increase agricultural production requires rapid dissemination. The effects of the restriction of the root zone (RRR) on the vegetative and reproductive growth of fruit trees were studied namely, grapes, peaches and citrus. We know it improves the productivity of crops under low water availability. (Wang et al. 2002)
11. Communication Networks
The means of communication available to agricultural information in 15 Indian states studied. (Ghosh, 2002). The results suggest that while the transnational communication networks agricultural economy, it is not profitable. The communications network must be profitable.
An attempt to improve communication between different departments and other forest organization of research interest in sustainable forestry has shown encouraging results. (Barbour and Wong 2001)
You tried to have a rapid flow of information between researchers, extension workers and dairy farmers in eastern Azerbaijan, Iran. Information, inputs, outputs and inter-system communication studied. The communication link of improved productivity. (Rezvanfar, 2001)
The basic tools of marketing premotion investigation fertilizers in India. (Yadav, 2002). Information such as advertising, public relations and personal selling has been found that the best promoter.
In the “Unique Selling” approach to target the impact of the communicator. The impact of the integrated approach to agricultural use computers and spread to Greece and Poland studied. (Tzortzios et al 2001). L ‘gap in the known technique and has been found on the ground, farmers applied. The investigators lack training in the handling of new information technologies. To improve agricultural productivity must increase in advanced communications and technology information and keep up with computers.
Common problem-solving meetings, networks and communication of information on agriculture, the production of sugarcane in Mauritius has been improved (Jhoty et al, 2001).
12. Technology Foresight
The technological gap between income research and farmers’ yields are large. The know-how over the years, this volume is on the shelf. Much of it was frozen, had he not died in the walls to the institutions. The particular situation, crop and soil specific innovations, practices, farmers are few. Our integrated and mixed culture and needs of our farmers to improve practices that do not light. Our research has often aped the experiments for the commercial culture of the West, with some modifications and additions, even in good times. Our agriculture is still traditional in remote areas include the use of farm yard manure, vormiculture & use of agricultural residues. Current problems of soil fertility is low, showed a reduction in yield and soil salinization caused by overuse of chemicals in agriculture, with little care for the earth.
This scenario resulted due to innovative approaches to research incomplete. Our research applications blindly use more fertilizer, pesticides and fungicides to win the revolution, has helped the corn, but left the legacy of polluted water, air and environment with degraded. These revolutions future food excluded. This was due to poor vision and perception, therefore, net income seen at times.
The immediate need is for research related to information technology and modern communications. The rapid development of information technology requires a simple and rapid transfer of technology, awareness, and also commented upon the farmers for a rapid implementation. Productivity would be enhanced if technological advances are adopted and their effects are known. Knowledge of computer hardware, software, networks, distribution channels and outlets is essential. A new concept of farmers’ School of Communication can resolve 70% of local farmers. Kissan Call Center (1551) and Paigam Zraye expand entries.
13. Decision Support System
The globalization of commercialization of agriculture, etc. pose new challenges. This is not only the return that counts, but the benefit-cost ratio. The economic viability of agricultural products is now more important. The product, even if economic competition and global quality tests exist. The international plant health standards will be more difficult. The emergence of diseases like mad cow, or even of the Saarland, the experimental crops and other diseases of agriculture and livestock related warrants BIOSAFE agricultural products. The decision must be supported by information not only on marketing, international security, but also a law on agencies and regulations. Ignorance of the support system that could lead us to bankruptcy. Thus, a strong argument for tools and information management comes into force.
The international network of computer systems and communication can only help in the decision as appropriate and economically viable agricultural production. (Tzortzios et al 2001) 20
14. Agri-Intelligent Management.
Now we are talking about the ecological pest management rather than integrated pest management (IPM). The slogan for the future in this regard is intelligent Pest Management (IPM). As the system is currently not covered by the blanket spraying of chemical pesticides, but intelligent and good program against pests, including the safe and calculated long-term efficacy and safety of biological products. Perhaps a well documented interaction between farmers, extension workers of education, researchers and policy makers need. It will take years, if the communication is not used the method of videoconferencing, Internet and related technological advances in satellite communications. This is what the future would be intelligent farm management.
15. Participatory management
The whole system of agricultural research, education and extension in NARS needs renewal. A composite ARS system will be established to cope with strong base of communication and information technology. All programs in this area should be participatory. All institutions, except universities ICAR, CSIR, RRL, UAA, or other institutions and industry should be webbed systems of extension services in the field of getter. Greater participation of farmers in planning and implementation of megaprojects such as seeds, the mission of horticulture is required.
A transparent and open real choice, for both managerial and academic positions should be represented. Change for the individual is a crime. The above should be about truth, justice and fair play. The role of politics and politicians should be minimal in the national system of extension delivery. An open communications and IT has reached the only solution.
16. Our vision
1. Mixed farm academic culture:
Higher productivity growth may be through the use of technology and production recommendations to be achieved in farmers’ fields. We have 65% of small and marginal farmers, which awareness of the potential is low. The predominant production system is with these farmers mixed cultivation or farming composite. Unlike U.S. and European agriculture, we need an increase in the harvest “-production system of integrated fish farming on several occasions in life.” Therefore, we must create our own innovative educational and training policies. A Joint University of Agriculture and Education developed is our need. We are currently in error, our needs. A quick and rapid action is necessary to unify our educational system, all of agriculture and related disciplines, industries, sectors, businesses and farmers institution.
2. Highest on productivity:
Indian Agricultural pride year saw the green revolution and after 1968 the reduction of food imports in the wake of white wine, blue and other revolutions continued pressure of our population and agricultural growth. Our agricultural growth rate (AGR) must be equal, if not more, the population growth rate (PGR). AGR Our goal should be to double the PGR.
This is important as consumer purchasing power and increase employment opportunities. Estimated current food grains of 210 million tonnes, should be doubled for the next 10 years. We must achieve our objectives of high productivity through vertical extension of the horizontal expansion of land, is simply not possible. Dr. MS Swaminathan has cited figures as 160 million tonnes of rice from the land CDT 40m and therefore the productivity target of 4 t / h, how the rational production of 100 million tonnes of wheat from 25 million tonnes wheat 25 million hectares needed a productivity 4t / CDT. Our goal is to double our productivity, pro hac needs more manpower in the technical development, industry and level of gross root.
Climate disasters, earthquakes, Titanic tsunami, floods, have made our agricultural production in the past, and additional requirements must be borne in mind when planning the food. We expenditure per capita consumption of Rs.600 per month. We must bridge the gap between potential and actual yields on farmers. Chemical hazards of low fertility of agricultural soils, low water availability, pollution and environmental issues that hinder the development of our agriculture. Thus, sophisticated technology, participatory research and training modules are required. The new printing of Global Marketing. International trade and tariff regulations must be insured. All this will be the introduction of new subjects such as post-harvest management, value-added packaging, communications, credit and information services market have in our curriculum. Thus, a new multi-dimensional change in the curriculum has been planned.
3. Quality Assurance
We are proud to call them 2nd most Agricultural Research (ARS) in the world. If we examine our performance, we do not know where in the top ten most cited papers of agriculture in the world. United States tops the list with 3,62,79,842 world cited publications per year, with a small country like Switzerland to No.10. The research is positioned higher in the agricultural sector in the United States with 27 publication Lac / year from Japan, Germany, Great Britain, France, Canada, Italy, Russia, China and Australia. Our contribution to the publication of agriculture with only 5.48% of our share of the citation to 2.32%. This requires more attention to quality assurance. Our quality program for primary education should farm. We will focus on:
The academic quality, accreditation, desirable, assessment, skills and reinforcement of skills and knowledge test. Quality assurance by strengthening the resources, information and entertainment of educational infrastructure. So we need to regulate the grant and report mid-rational between the State and.
4. Jobs:
We have a 45-50 State / University Agricultural Center or as generalities and 200 agricultural education with 48 faculties. The total number of disciplines must be strengthened subsidies in 5 years on 1 core funding to each discipline for quality assurance. We produce less than 10,000 graduates and 1,600 graduates of 5500 Ph.D in agriculture each year. They complement our unemployment pool. , On which he employed in new projects and creating more jobs, they have expertise in the global economy and trade policies. Biotechnology, Bioinformation, fertilizers, pesticides and fungicides used. New development in all faculties of universities and colleges will be implemented over the next 5 years. Such as:
Pest information and measurement, analysis of the risk management system for decision support, geographic information systems. A new trust is on course curriculum, specify the area of practice in a partnership mode with farmers. A teacher-student-farmer-developed industrial, interaction and cooperation. A new model of the mechanics of voting in agriculture and related programs is integrated, consistent and accurate, the final results. It is the demand between and within the Faculty of harmony and synchronized curricula at UG, PG and Ph.D. level. This must be so that our region needs guidelines and location of paris matched
5. Asian agricultural education degree:
Indian economy is an agricultural marketing center, which supports 70% of our population, such as direct employment in rural areas. Forty percent of revenues generated by the industry comes from Agri-Based (Agro) Industries. So a huge potential and resources is hidden in him. When we think of Asia-specific agricultural, we have an important role in the region, comprising 60% of the world to play. The region is rich in energy resources and oil and the buzzword of the millennium, open borders and a common market with the first priority to peace, trust and confidence. For Liftmen the region, we need education and training in the use of human resources. Therefore, reform of agricultural education to our door to reap the gains of the common economic space in the region of Asia and SARC total. Education reforms should involve schools, colleges and universities. The re-modeling program is the introduction of new time emerging need, the competitive marketing world, climate, disasters, technology, limitations, sustainability, environment, conservation of water resources, the recovery factors, etc.
Agricultural and educational reforms are necessary to allow parallel ICAR USDA grant to aid the government’s entire agricultural sector. An act Omnibusse of agriculture in the form of the Farm Bill U. S. 1996 is presented. The new education policy is not discriminatory written, comprehensive, transparent and accountable.
6. Access to education and training:
Access to education and training of people below the poverty line, youth and rural women are ensured. These products will require restructuring of the educational infrastructure. One of the three tire models presented, including:
1. At work, training opportunities for mechanization of agriculture and livestock.
2. Acquire professional skills up-gradation and rural policy at the university level, refinement and innovative participatory on farmers. Lessons from the roaming system for public holidays and Sundays.
3. Teacher-student-Farmer-Industry-l’interaction work plans through self-learning, life with the peasants. It will provide quality training and employment, improvement of workers qualified for use in market development of Agri Asia.
7. Informal flexible Agriculture Information Services
A model of flexible programs that should have many opportunities to B. Sc level, such as:
1. Science
2. Agro Sciences
- Production System
- Agri-Business
- Social Studies
3. International Agriculture
4. Natural Resources
5. Agri-Business Management
6. Bioengineering
7. Dietetrics
8. Landscape Architecture

8. Agri-export orientation in training:
In this era of bio-safety, phyto-and zoo sanitation took enormous importance. Education and knowledge was a treasure safe and secure in the past. This is true. The export of knowledge and new inventions should be patentable. Web design and Web sites have student teachers Unknown invisible. Pupil-teacher, backgrounds intellectuals gathered. New targets for policy and planning future educational need for information and communication. Therefore, I & C courses on computer applications need. Which were reinforced in the SAU and ICAR institutions in recent years. But together with farmers, farm organizations and ministries use to reap the benefits of technological reforms necessary to increase our exports. Despite the ranking I are deficient in the milk of our exports.